5 sentences with “fragmented”

While most Europeans (excluding Jewish communities, the few remaining pagans and members of heretical groups) may have come to share a religious identity by the 11th century, Europe was fragmented politically.

Similarly, the other powers of Europe were unable or uninterested in upsetting Italy: England and France were at war, the Holy Roman Empire was weak and fragmented, and Spain did not unite until the end of the Renaissance.

In contrast to the growth of the relatively centralised states of Spain, England and France, the German lands of central Europe remained fragmented. The very concept of "Germania" was an abstraction during the Renaissance era.

Jean Calvin was a generation younger than Luther and was therefore born into a world in which religious unity was already fragmented; in that sense, the fact that he held Protestant views is not as surprising as Luther's break with the Church was.

Instead, the vast Spanish empire was relatively fragmented, with regional elites exercising a high degree of local autonomy. Thus, even the enormous wealth that the Spanish empire continued to generate did not translate into an equivalent degree of state or military power for the Spanish monarchy.