5 sentences with 'caliph'
Example sentences and phrases with the word caliph and other words derived from it.
• « The Muslim elders appointed Muhammad's father-in-law, Abu Bakr (r. 632 - 634), as the new leader after a period of deliberation. He became the first caliph, which means "successor": the head of the Ummah, the man who represented the spiritual and political authority of the Muslims. »
• « Under the caliph Abu Bakr and his successors, Umar (another of Muhammad's in-laws; r. 634 - 644), and Uthman (r. 644 - 655), Muslim armies expanded rapidly. This began as a means of securing the loyalty of the divided Arab tribes, as well as expanding the faith; both Abu Bakur and Umar were forced to suppress the revolts of the Arab tribes, and Umar came up with the idea of attacking Persia and Byzantium to maintain the loyalty of the tribes. »
• « The second caliph, Umar, was assassinated by a slave in 644 and Muslim leaders had to choose the next caliph. They chose an early convert and companion of Muhammad, Uthman. »
• « By the time the last Abbasid caliph was killed by the Mongols in 1258, the caliphate itself had long degenerated into a legal fiction. »
• « Meanwhile, while Sultan Abdulhamit hoped in vain that doubling down on his own role as sultan and caliph would somehow see the empire through its period of weakness, other Ottoman elites came to very different conclusions. »